Justice Theory

Rawls developed a theory of justice based on the Enlightenment ideas of thinkers like John Locke (1632–1704) and Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778), who advocated social contract theory. Social contract theory held that the natural state of human beings was freedom, but that human beings will rationally submit to some restrictions on their freedom to secure their mutual safety and benefit, not subjugation to a monarch, no matter how benign or well-intentioned. This idea parallels that of Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679), who interpreted human nature to be selfish and brutish to the degree that, absent the strong hand of a ruler, chaos would result. So people willingly consent to transfer their autonomy to the control of a sovereign so their very lives and property will be secured. Rousseau rejected that view, as did Rawls, who expanded social contract theory to include justice as fairness. In A Theory of Justice (1971), Rawls introduced a universal system of fairness and a set of procedures for achieving it. He advocated a practical, empirically verifiable system of governance that would be political, social, and economic in its effects.

Rawls’s justice theory contains three principles and five procedural steps for achieving fairness.

The principles
(1)    An “original position,”



in Rawls’s justice theory, a hypothetical situation in which rational people can arrive at a contractual agreement about how resources are to be distributed in accordance with the principles of justice as fairness

(2)    A “veil of ignorance,”
in Rawls’s theory, a condition in which people arrive at the original position imagining they have no identity regarding age, sex, ethnicity, education, income, physical attractiveness, or other characteristics; in this way, they reduce their bias and self-interest

(3)    The unanimity of acceptance of the original position.
in Rawls’s theory, the requirement that all agree to the contract before it goes into effect





Five Procedurals
(1)    Entering into the contract
(2)    Agreeing unanimously to the contract
(3)    Including basic conditions in the contract such as freedom of speech
(4)    Maximizing the welfare of the most disadvantaged persons
(5)    Ensuring the stability of the contract.

References:

BC Open Textbooks. (n.d) A Theory of Justice. [Online] Available from: https://opentextbc.ca/businessethicsopenstax/chapter/a-theory-of-justice/. [Accessed 22nd February 2020].

Comments

  1. ChathuriFebruary 24, 2020 at 1:28 AM

    The important aspect of Rawls's view is that justice can be achieved not by absolute equity but by fairness.

    ReplyDelete
  2. chamilaFebruary 24, 2020 at 2:02 AM

    As you said normally contract is sign between two parties. It can be contract between employees and management or employees between clients who would like to buy products.

    ReplyDelete
  3. shelton wijesundaraFebruary 24, 2020 at 6:05 AM

    The article is quite interesting, and has a handful of wisdom on the different aspects of justice theory.

    ReplyDelete
  4. Nanda TFebruary 24, 2020 at 6:48 AM

    Interesting article to learn more

    ReplyDelete

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